Journal articles: '1852-1935' – Grafiati (2024)

Abstract:

The article examines the life and charitable activities of the famous Kuris family representative in the South of Ukraine – Lyubov Ivanovna Kuris. Based on the primary sources study, archival documentation and publications of the Lyubov I. Kuris' life period, Lybov Ivanivna's activity in Odesa region charitable societies, in her own noble estate in her homeland and in Kurisovo-Pokrovsky is covered.Particular attention is paid to Kuris family charity tracing and continuing charitable work from generation to generation. Research of the charitable activity basis and types in the south of Ukraine.It is established that Lyubov I. Kuris continued to carry out charitable activities after her husband's mother, Lyubov Stanislavivna Kuris, who worked fruitfully for the benefit of the Odessa Women's Charitable Society until her death.Among the Lyubov Ivanovna main merits is the construction and maintenance of educational institutions, churches, patronage, assistance to sick children and the needy. Lyubov Ivanivna Kuris was fascinated by the idea of public education spreading. As a trustee of Kurisovo-Pokrovsky, she did a lot for the village school and school garden. In 1862, her father Ivan Alexandrovich Gizhitsky founded the first local school in Ryasnopil, which he maintained at his own expense until 1869. Later, Lyubov I. Kuris tried to continue his work.However, the greatest cause in the field of charity Lyubov I. Kuris was her participation in the work of the Odessa Society for the Sick Children Care. She devoted almost 30 years of her life to this activity, having done many good deeds and invested in it her Christian love, charity and unquenchable energy.Lyubov I. Kuris' activity as the chairman of the society allowed to establish contacts and involve many famous and influential people of the city. The main achievement of the Society was the medical station for children and a children's kitchen "Drop of Milk" construction. By 1901, more than 1,500 children had undergone a treatment full course at the sanitary station. Lyubov I. Kuris was also a member of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities, was a philanthropist, passing part of her husband's collection, antique exhibits, the museum for the benefit of society.

Abstract:

Petinomys fuscocapillus (Kelaart, 1852) is one of two nocturnal Squirrels found in Sri Lanka, and the distribution of the species is only known through a few possible occurrences and museum specimens which were collected nearly hundred years ago. The species was considered to be extinct in India until 1989, when it was rediscovered in a coconut grove in Kerala state, India. In Sri Lanka it was reported by Phillips (1935) from the wet and intermediate zones of the island, and subsequently the occurrence of this species was confirmed by camera trap by Jayasekara et al. (2007) in Sinharaja tropical rain forest. Here we report the first physical examination of this species in Sri Lanka after 78 years, and we publish the first color–photographs. The authors obtained a direct sighting of the Small flying squirrel in the Knuckles Forest Reserve at an elevation of 522 m asl.

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Here we describe an epibiont association between conulariids and holdfast producers, with attachment scars resembling those of the tubular epibiont, Sphenothallus, from the Silurian (late Telychian Series) Brandon Bridge Formation, Wisconsin. The conulariid population represents the most abundant sessile organisms in the Waukesha Biota and consists of two species, Conularia niagarensisHall, 1852 and Metaconularia cf. manni (Roy, 1935). Attachment scars present on the conulariid test offer a unique glimpse into the paleoecology of this Silurian benthic assemblage. However, body fossils of the attached epibiont are scarce and have not been observed attached or near conulariid specimens. This study evaluates the identity and paleoecological relationship between the conulariids and their enigmatic epibionts. Statistical analyses of attachment trace size, frequency, and distribution on the conulariid test gives insight to the nature of their symbiotic relationship. Our results did not find any significant support for a parasitic relationship. However, commensalism cannot be ruled out and serves as an alternative explanation for the relationship between these two organisms.

Abstract:

A recent collection of shallow-water hydroids from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, in the eastern Caribbean Sea, was studied. This is the first comprehensive report on the hydroid fauna from the study area. A total of 48 species, belonging to 9 families of athecates and 12 families of thecates, are described or listed. All the species are illustrated and, when necessary, data on the cnidome composition are provided. Two new species, Zanclea migottoi sp. nov. and Halopteris vervoorti sp. nov., are described. Rhizogeton sterreri (Calder, 1988) is redescribed based on fertile material. Its taxonomic status is discussed and the genus Rhizodendrium Calder, 1988 is included in the synonymy of Rhizogeton L. Agassiz, 1862. Scandia michaelsarsi (Leloup, 1935) is believed to be a synonym of S. gigas (Pieper, 1884), and morphological arguments are provided to support this hypothesis. An undescribed type of peculiar gonothecae, arising from the hydrothecal apertures, was found in Dynamena disticha (Bosc, 1802). Sertularella peculiaris (Leloup, 1935) is redescribed and its synonymy discussed. The nematocyst types of Symmetroscyphus intermedius (Congdon, 1907) were identified. Some species in the present collection are provisionally identified or assigned to a genus, pending the discovery of fertile material or additional life cycle studies. Finally, the hydroid fauna from the study area proves to be preponderantly tropical in nature, with several species also occurring in temperate seas. A number of species are first records for the Caribbean basin: R. sterreri, Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856, Coryne pusilla Gaertner, 1774, Halecium cf. lankesteri (Bourne, 1890), S. gigas, and Sertularia loculosa Busk, 1852.

Abstract:

A phylogenetic analysis of the Cirripedia family Oxynaspididae yields four monophyletic clades. These are designated as four genera, Oxynaspis Darwin, 1852, Archoxynaspis gen. nov., Pycnaspis gen. nov. and Minyaspis gen. nov. Five new species from Astrolabe Reef in Fiji (Oxynaspis perekrestenkoi sp. nov., O. joankovanae sp. nov., Minyaspis amylaneae sp. nov., M. opreskoi sp. nov. and M. welchi sp. nov.) and one from Palau (Oxynaspis joandianae sp. nov.) are described. A morphological character dataset and resulting phylogeny supporting the new generic divisions is presented. All but two of the 24 species previously known and all six of the newly described species are intimately associated with antipatharians. Pycnaspis connectens was described by Broch (1931) as “fixed to a silicious sponge.” A list of species’ ranges and their known hosts is presented. The earliest known possible antipatharian in the fossil record is Miocene, much later than the Eocene appearance of Archoxynaspis eocenica (Withers, 1935). Therefore, the symbiosis of oxynaspidids with antipatharians may have evolved only since the Miocene. However, given the dubious fossil record of antipatharians (known only from a single specimen of uncertain affinity from Miocene Italy) the time of the first antipatharian/oxynaspidid symbiosis is uncertain.

Abstract:

Based on the results of the study of literary and archival primary sources, the paper clarifies the available information about catastrophic and destructive earthquakes in Azerbaijan for the historical period with a magnitude of M≥6. Among the strong historical earthquakes in Azerbaijan there are the following: earthquakes in 427, the Ganja (Goygol in 1139), the Ganja in 1235, the East Caucasian in 1667 (± 1 year), the Mashtaga (1842), numerous Shamakhi earthquakes (1192, 1667, 1668, 1669, 1828, 1859, 1868, 1872, 1902), Ardebil (1924), Lankaran (1913), Caspian earthquakes (957, 1812, 1842, 1852, 1911, 1935, 1961, 1963, 1986, 1989, 2000), which caused both changes in the relief of the Earth’s surface, and the destruction of buildings and numerous human casualties. The background seismicity was investigated based on the results of continuous instrumental observations for the period 1902—2019. Seismic processes are unevenly distributed on the territory of Azerbaijan. Existing catalogs of seismic events have been investigated. The behavioral changes in seismicity parameters have been studied. An overview conceptual analysis of two main methods for assessing seismic hazard is given: probabilistic and deterministic, which have found their wide application in recent decades. In conclusion, the most important and general tasks of future seismological studies are emphasized, which are to be performed in the next decades.

Abstract:

As a reslu*t of forced Christianization, the motherland threatens to alienate the indigenous population of our colonies from herself.’ With this slogan a combination of left-wing political parties entered the elections for the Dutch Parliament in June 1913. This combination won the elections and in the end it was the liberal Cort van der Linden who was commissioned to form a government. The then governor-general of what was called the Dutch East Indies, the Christian statesman A. W. F. Idenburg (1861-1935), consequently considered relinquishing his post, now that a government would be formed of a political colour different from his own. On the advice of the leader of his party, the Dutch politician, journalist, and church leader Abraham Kuyper, however, he decided that his decision to stay or to resign would depend on the possibilities of co-operation with the new minister of colonial affairs. But he had no illusions about the opinion of the European press in Indonesia. ‘Against me,’ he wrote in a letter to the outgoing minister of colonial affairs, J. H. de Waal Malefijt (1852-1931), a fellow party member, ‘a devilish howling has burst out in some of the papers. They all agree that I must go.’

Abstract:

Abstract. The rate of global warming has led to persistent drought. It is considered to be the preliminary factor affecting socioeconomic development under the background of the dynamic forecasting of the water supply and forest ecosystems in West Asia. However, long-term climate records in the semiarid Hindu Kush range are seriously lacking. Therefore, we developed a new tree-ring width chronology of Cedrus deodara spanning the period of 1537–2017. We reconstructed the March–August Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the past 424 years, going back to 1593 CE. Our reconstruction featured nine dry periods (1593–1598, 1602–1608, 1631–1645, 1647–1660, 1756–1765, 1785–1800, 1870–1878, 1917–1923, and 1981–1995) and eight wet periods (1663–1675, 1687–1708, 1771–1773, 1806–1814, 1844–1852, 1932–1935, 1965–1969, and 1990–1999). This reconstruction is consistent with other dendroclimatic reconstructions in West Asia, thereby confirming its reliability. The multi-taper method and wavelet analysis revealed drought variability at periodicities of 2.1–2.4, 3.3, 6.0, 16.8, and 34.0–38.0 years. The drought patterns could be linked to the large-scale atmospheric–oceanic variability, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and solar activity. In terms of current climate conditions, our findings have important implications for developing drought-resistant policies in communities on the fringes of the Hindu Kush mountain range in northern Pakistan.

Abstract:

In the present survey 18 species of endo and ecto-parasites were recorded during the examination of 50 Mus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758) among 10 localities in Erbil city, of which 7 species were protozoan and as follows : Chilomastix bettencourti (da Fonseca 1915)82%; Giardia muris (Filice, 1952) 68%; Tritrichom*onas muris (Grassi,1879)36%; Entamoeba histolytica (Schaudinn,1903) 24%; Entamoeba coli (Grassi,1879)32%; Eimeria sp. 28% and Trypanosoma musculi (Kendall,1906) 2%; and 8 species were helminthes as follows: 4 Cestodes: Rodentolepis nana (von Siebold, 1852) 8%; Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819)2%; larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786)8%, Cysticercus fasciolaris (Rudolphi, 1808)6%, 4 Nematodes: Aspiculuris tetraptera (Nitzsch, 1821)8%; Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802)36%; Syphacia muris (Yamaguti, 1935)2% and Trichuris muris (Schrank, 1788)10%; and 3 species of ectoparasites were diagnosed as follows: the Oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild, 1903)2.0%, the spined rat louse Polyplax spinulosa (Burmeister, 1839)16.0%, and the mite Laelaps nuttalli (Hirst, 1916)4.0%. Endo-multiple infections had been noticed, as single (26%); double 50.0%; triple (22.0%) and tetra infections 2.0%. No significant differences were found between the sexes and weights of mice. The mice of Hayaskary and Langa were high infected with parasites. In the current study, we recorded the infection of the liver of Mus musculus with larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid cyst) as the first natural infection in Iraq.

Abstract:

This paper is a review and revision of the tribe Catopocerini (Coleoptera: Leoididae: Catopocerinae) of North America. It covers the following genera: Catopocerus Motschulsky, 1870 with five species east of the Mississippi River and the resurrected genus Pinodytes Horn, 1880 with 42 species in North America west of the Mississippi River. All species in the tribe are eyeless and wingless inhabitants of forest soil and litter. Larvae and adults probably feed on subterranean fungi. Pinodytes Horn is resurrected to valid generic status. A neotype is assigned for Catopocerus politus Motschulsky. Lectotypes are designated for Catops cryptophagoides (Mannerheim, 1852) (which is transferred to Pinodytes), and Pinodytes pusio Horn, 1892. The following new synonym is recognized: Catopocerus ulkei Brown, 1933 = Catopocerus politus Motschulsky, 1870. The 33 new species and their distributions are as follows: Pinodytes angulatus (NW Oregon, USA), P. borealis (central Alaska, USA), P. chandleri (N California, USA), P. colorado (Colorado, USA), P. constrictus (S California, USA), P. contortus (E California, USA), P. delnorte (NW California, USA), P. eldorado (E California, USA), P. fresno (central California, USA), P. garibaldi (NW Oregon, USA), P. gibbosus (S California, USA), P. haidagwaii (Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte) Islands, British Columbia, Canada), P. humboldtensis (NW California, USA), P. idaho (NW Idaho, USA), P. isabella (N Idaho, USA), P. klamathensis (SW Oregon and NW California, USA), P. losangeles (S California, USA), P. marinensis (W California, USA), P. minutus (central California, USA), P. monterey ( SW California, USA), P. newtoni (Ozarks region to E Texas, USA), P. orca (SW Oregon, USA), P. parvus (NW California, USA), P. punctatus (W Idaho and E Washington, USA), P. sanjacinto (S California, USA), P. sequoia ( S central California, USA), P. setosus ( SW Oregon and NW California, USA), P. shasta (N California, USA), P. shoshone (N Idaho, USA), P. sinuatus (SW Oregon, USA), P. spinus (N central California, USA), P. tehama (N California, USA), and P. tuolumne (E central California, USA). The following new combinations are established: Pinodytes capizzii (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. cryptophagoides (Mannerheim, 1852), ex Catopocerus; P. imbricatus (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. newelli (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. ovatus (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. pusio Horn, 1892, ex Catopocerus; P. rothi (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. subterraneus (Hatch, 1935), ex Catopocerus; P. tibialis (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus.

Abstract:

En la Sierra de Arteaga del estado de Coahuila, México, se generaron cinco cronologías de madera temprana, madera tardía y anillo total de Pseudotsuga menziesii para las montañas La Viga, El Coahuilón, El Tarillal, Los Pilares y El Morro. Un Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) indicó que las cinco cronologías presentan una variabilidad común (p<0.001); el componente uno (PC1) explica 72% de la variabilidad, sin embargo, se eliminó la cronología El Morro por tener la más baja correlación. Con las cronologías restantes se desarrolló una regional de 302 años de extensión (1700 a 2001). Mediante un análisis de Función de Respuesta se definió que los crecimientos de madera temprana y tardía responden a la precipitación invierno-primavera. Debido a que la madera tardía explica 50% de la variabilidad en precipitación, se optó por trabajar con la madera temprana para reconstruir la precipitación, que determina 75% de su variabilidad. La reconstrucción señala etapas secas severas para los períodos 1785-1815, 1853-1882, 1951- 1963 y 1970-1985. De igual manera, para los intervalos 1737-1747, 1824-1852 y 1935-1948 se detectó alta precipitación. En general, se observan periódicas cada inicio o finales de siglo (1700, 1800, 1900 y 2000) y cada mitad de siglo (1750, 1850 y 1950). Mediante un análisis de Coherencia de Ondeleta Cruzada se concluyó que el fenómeno de El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENSO) ha influido de manera significativa (p<0.001) en la variabilidad climática de la región, particularmente para los períodos 1905- 1930 y 1974- 1988.

Abstract:

Hemidactylus pieresii Kelaart, a species first described from Kandy, Sri Lanka, in 1852 but not recorded since, is redescribedfrom two recently-discovered populations, one at the type locality and another in the rainforests of the island’s south-westernlowlands. It is shown to be similar to H. depressus (in the synonymy of which it has been since 1935), from which it is distin-guished by the possession of 53–58 (vs. 35–41) paravertebral tubercles, 17–19 (vs. 13–16) longitudinal rows of middorsaltubercles, possessing relatively small (vs. large) and closely (vs. widely) spaced middorsal tubercles, 1–3 (vs. no) postcloacalspurs, chocolate-brown (vs. light brown) coloration in life, and nape with distinct black longitudinal stripes (vs. without blackstripes). Hemidactylus pieresii, a member of the H. brooki group, is distinguished from all species of Hemidactylus in Sri Lankaand peninsular India by the combination of the following additional characters: maximum snout-vent length 79.2 mm; ventralscales across midbody, 32–39; dorsal scales heterogeneous; ventral scales smooth, with 3 serrae; precloacal-femoral pores17–20 on each side, separated mesially by 1–3 poreless scales; subcaudals smooth, the median row enlarged; supralabials toangle of jaws, 11 or 12; subdigital lamellae on digit IV of pes, 10 or 11; general body colour chocolate-brown; nape with dis-tinct black longitudinal stripes. The identity of H. pieresii is stabilized through the designation of a neotype. Unlike most otherspecies of Hemidactylus, H. pieresii appears to be restricted to rainforests. Hemidactylus depressus is also redecribed from freshly collected material from Sri Lanka and its syntype BMNH RR1962.190 (65.6 mm SVL) is designated lectotype.

Abstract:

The genus Neorthrius Gerstmeier & Eberle, 2011 is taxonomically revised to include sixty-one species. The following thirty-one species are described as new: Neorthrius aduncus n. sp., Neorthrius aurantiacus n. sp., Neorthrius bipunctatus n. sp., Neorthrius bonasus n. sp., Neorthrius brunnorbis n. sp., Neorthrius buteocoloratus n. sp., Neorthrius cechovskyi n. sp., Neorthrius centromaculatus n. sp., Neorthrius chiangmaii n. sp., Neorthrius cornutus n. sp., Neorthrius crassopunctatus n. sp., Neorthrius ebenus n. sp., Neorthrius elegantulus n. sp., Neorthrius fortecruris n. sp., Neorthrius fulvus n. sp., Neorthrius fuscomaculosus n. sp., Neorthrius guttatus n. sp., Neorthrius longulus n. sp., Neorthrius majae n. sp., Neorthrius mariannae n. sp., Neorthrius molestus n. sp., Neorthrius schnitzeli n. sp., Neorthrius serratus n. sp., Neorthrius sexmaculatus n. sp., Neorthrius sigmoideus n. sp., Neorthrius tenuistriatus n. sp., Neorthrius tulipae n. sp., Neorthrius unicolor n. sp., Neorthrius uniformis n. sp., Neorthrius volsella n. sp. and Neorthrius zebrinus n. sp.. The following taxa, described as varietal forms, are raised to the rank of species and transferred from Orthrius Gorham, 1876: Orthrius striatopunctatus var. bimaculatus Schenkling, 1901 and Orthrius striatopunctatus var. brunneus n. syn. = Neorthrius bimaculatus (Schenkling, 1901) n. comb., n. stat.; Orthrius tarsalis var. obscurus Schenkling, 1906 = Neorthrius obscurus (Schenkling, 1906) n. comb., n. stat.; Orthrius posticalis var. nigricollis Corporaal 1926a: 180 = Neorthrius nigricollis (Corporaal, 1926), n. stat., n. comb. The following new synonymies are proposed: Orthrius deboyssyi Pic, 1951 n. syn. is synonymized with Neorthrius crassipes (Chapin, 1928) n. comb. Orthrius nigromaculatus Pic, 1951 n. syn. is synonymized with Neorthrius bimaculatus (Schenkling, 1901) n. comb. Orthrius rufitarsis Pic, 1932 n. syn., n. comb. is synonymized with Neorthrius obscurus (Schenkling, 1906). The following species are transferred to Neorthrius from Orthrius: Neorthrius angusticollis (Schenkling, 1902), n. comb., Neorthrius bengalus (Westwood, 1852) n. comb., Neorthrius bicrucis (Chapin, 1924) n. comb., Neorthrius brachialis (Gorham, 1893) n. comb., Neorthrius carinifrons (Schenkling, 1900) n. comb., Neorthrius crassipes (Chapin, 1928) n. comb., Neorthrius feae (Gorham, 1892) n. comb., Neorthrius grandjeani (Pic, 1932) n. comb.,in Neorthrius haemorrhoidalis (Schenkling, 1906) n. comb., Neorthrius innotatus (Pic, 1925) n. comb., Neorthrius madurensis (Gorham, 1895) n. comb., Neorthrius massiliensis (Pic, 1951) n. comb., Neorthrius octopunctatus (Schenkling, 1906) n. comb., Neorthrius pallidus (Chapin, 1924) n. comb., Neorthrius posticalis (Westwood, 1852) n. comb., Neorthrius pygidialis (Corporaal, 1949) n. comb., Neorthrius sexplagiatus (Schenkling, 1908) ) n. comb., Neorthrius sinensis (Gorham, 1876) n. comb., Neorthrius subfasciatus (Westwood, 1849) n. comb., Neorthrius subscalaris (Pic, 1954) n. comb., Neorthrius subsimilis (White, 1849) n. comb., Neorthrius subunicolor (Pic, 1935) n. comb., Neorthrius sulcatus (Pic, 1926) n. comb., Neorthrius sumatranus (Schenkling, 1899) n. comb., Neorthrius tarsalis (Gorham, 1892) n. comb. A key to species, color photographs of the habitus, the genitalia, the terminal abdominal segments and distribution maps are provided.

Abstract:

This article considers the contribution of pre-revolutionary artists of the Russian Empire to the study of the local history of Kazakhstan. It is known that the lands and Kazakh population of Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern Kazakhstan found their worthy reflection in the paintings of famous artists. So, for example, the sacred monuments of the Mangyshlak Peninsula, the plain of Ustyurt, the northern Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea were deoicted in the paintings and sketches of the great Ukrainian poet and playwright T.G. Shevchenko (1814–1864). He was exiled for ten years in Kazakhstan (1847–1857) in the Orenburg steppes, in the fortress of Orsk, and then in the Novopetrovsk fortification on the Mangyshlak Peninsula and on the banks of the Caspian Sea. His participation in the work of two expeditions of Aral (1848–1849) and Karatau facilitated the creation of several paintings and graphic works of landscapes, which have a direct relation to the study of local lore and life of the Kazakhs. Original albums and sketches of the Tomsk artist P.M. Kosharov (1824– 1902) depicting types of architecture, the material culture of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan are also of note. Participating in an expedition of P.P. sem*nov-Tyan-Shansky to Zhetysu in 1852–1857, he managed to issue the early documentary image of Verny, mineral source Kapal-Arasan, etc. The Southern Kazakhstan and Zhetysu found the reflection in V.V. Vereshchagin's sketches (1842–1904), who was the authorof the pictures «Turkestan Series» (1871–1874), and the illustrated books «Turkestan. The etude from nature» (1874), «Essays, sketches, memoirs» (1883). A similar contribution to the subject under consideration was made by the member of the Turkestan circle of lovers of archaeology, founder of the Semirechensky department of the Russian Geographical Society N.G. Khludov (1850–1935). He created a set of realistic art paintings devoted to Zhetysu and Zailijsky Alatau. Thus, the article shows the contribution of the above-mentioned pre-revolutionary artists to the development of the subject posed by us.

Abstract:

Eleven Afrotropical species of Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy, ten in the Bengalia peuhi species-group and one reassignedto the Bengalia spinifemorata species-group, are revised. The male genitalia of all, and the ovipositor of six species, areillustrated by means of digital colour photography. A key to males is provided. Two species, i.e., Bengalia minor Malloch,1927 and Bengalia peuhi Villeneuve, 1914, are assigned to the Bengalia peuhi subgroup of the Bengalia peuhi species-group. Five species, i.e., Bengalia depressa Walker, 1858, Bengalia floccosa Wulp, 1885, Bengalia gaillardi Surcouf &Guyon, 1912, Bengalia roubaudi Rickenbach, Hamon & Mouchet, 1960 and Bengalia tibiaria Villeneuve, 1926 areassigned to the Bengalia floccosa subgroup of the Bengalia peuhi species-group. Three species, i.e., Bengalia africanoidessp. nov., Bengalia aliena Malloch, 1927 and Bengalia wyatti (Lehrer, 2005) comb. nov., have been left as species incertaesedis in the Bengalia peuhi species-group. The eleventh species, Bengalia bantuphalla (Lehrer, 2005) comb. nov., is re-assigned to the Bengalia spinifemorata species-group. Bengalia africanoides sp. nov. has only 3 post dc setae, a featureunique for a species of Bengalia. A neotype is designated for Calliphora floccosa Wulp, 1885 (now in Bengalia), to fixthe interpretation of the name in accordance with current usage. Lectotypes are designated for Bengalia bekilyana Séguy,1935, Bengalia depressa, Bengalia gaillardi, Bengalia peuhi and Bengalia unicalcarata Villeneuve, 1913 to fix theinterpretation of the names. Bengalia africana Malloch, 1927 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia depressa,syn. nov. Bengalia cuthbertsoni Zumpt, 1956 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia tibiaria, syn. nov.Shakaniella sakinehae Lehrer, 2011 is established as a junior synonym of Shakaniella wyatti (now in Bengalia), syn. nov.Tsunamia yourubana Lehrer, 2005 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia aliena, syn. nov. Ochromyia petersianaLoew, 1852 is removed from its current position as a doubtful senior synonym of Bengalia depressa and transferred to thegenus Thoracites Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 as Thoracites petersiana, comb. nov. in the Rhiniidae. This name is proposed as a senior synonym of Thoracites neglectus Zumpt, 1972, syn. nov.

Abstract:

In recent times, Indian ascetics have become pop icons due to the influence of visual entertainment media. Outside their country of origin, they are often negatively stereotyped to foster derogatory understandings of the Others and their cultures. In this paper, we will focus on representations of Indian ascetics. Starting with their early depictions in the memoir of the Transylvanian physician Dr Honigberger, we will examine their representations in Romanian newspapers and journals. In order to account for Romanian interest in ascetics from a faraway land, this paper will take into consideration the historical developments that led to the growth of European interest in them. Through a comparison between nineteenth century British (Osborne 1840) and East-European (Honigberger 1851, 1852) writings on Indian ascetics, we will try to understand whether conceptualization of Indian ascetics in Romanian-speaking territories differed in any way from that of the British colonizers in India. The paper will then move on to examine how the Romanian press conceptualized these ascetics. Evidences point to the fact that the Romanian press became interested in Indian ascetics, erroneously generalized as fakirs, from ca. 1900 to 1940. Analysing Romanian journal and magazine articles on Indian fakirs, which till now remain untranslated into English, this article will try to show how the Romanian press conceived of the ascetics of a faraway country. Our research methodology is based on text analysis, relying on a broader cultural perspective. For the purpose of this paper, we have selected a series of article samples, taking into consideration diversity in terms of regions (southern Romania and Transylvania), as well as the most relevant period (1906-1935). The interest in Indian sadhus and their doings basically emerged starting with the mid-nineteenth century. Yet over the following decades accounts have changed in terms of focus. While nineteenth century authors were primarily concerned with the physical aspects of their work, texts written in the first decades of the twentieth century suggest that journalists and writers generally looked at the more surprising and entertaining side of fakirs’ actions. Finally, the paper suggests why Romanian press lost interest in Indian ascetics after the 1940s.

Abstract:

Нечаева Могила – единственный сохранившийся до наших дней скифский царский курган-гигант в Северном Причерноморье. С 1853 г. он известен российским археологам. Его высота на сегодняшний день составляет 14–15 м. За последние два века курган претерпел существенные изменения. В середине 19 ст. были отмечены просадки насыпи, затем на вершине был вырыт глубокий колодец, позднее засыпанный, и на его месте выстроена беседка. Особо трагическую роль курган сыграл в годы Великой Отечественной войны, когда он был одним из узловых опорных пунктов войск вермахта в Никопольско-Криворожской наступательной операции Красной армии в декабре 1943 г. – январе 1944 г., в ходе которой была разгромлена криворожско–никопольская группировка, пытавшаяся удержать любой ценой Никопольский марганцевый и Криворожский железорудный бассейны. В боях за Нечаеву Могилу полегло более полутора тысяч советских воинов. Сам курган, в особенности его вершина, был изрыт блиндажами и ходами сообщений, а также сотнями воронок от снарядов. После войны вершина кургана была полностью перепланирована и на ней был установлен триангуляционный пункт высшей категории. Все факты указывают на то, что ранее курган входил в число крупнейших скифских царских курганов Северного Причерноморья и имел высоту не менее 20 м. Библиографические ссылки Артамонов М.И. Из истории методики археологических раскопок // ПИДО. 1935. № 1–2. С. 142–164. Бидзиля В.И., Полин С.В. Скифский царский курган Гайманова Могила. Киев: Скиф, 2012. 814 с. Бобринский А.А. Вновь открытая могила скифского царя // ИТУАК. 1913. № 50. Браун Ф.А. Разыскания в области гото-славянских отношений. СПб.: Тип. Имп. Акад. наук, 1899. ХХ, 392 с. Брун Ф.И. Черноморье. Сборник исследований по исторической географии Южной России. Одесса: Тип. Г. Ульриха, 1880. Ч. 2. 422 с. Бурачков П. 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ABSTRACT Osteopathic Medicine was founded on the principles that the body possesses the inherent ability to heal itself, and that the musculoskeletal system has a significant impact on the homeostatic mechanisms that keep the body in health or in a state of wellness. Over the years, 23 schools of osteopathic medicine have been established to promote these principles. They have developed medical educational programs that produce well-trained osteopathic physicians to practice full, unrestricted medicine, including osteopathic manipulative therapy. In the early 1930s, the osteopathic profession recognized the need for a uniform licensure examination for osteopathic candidates who graduated from colleges of osteopathic medicine. This resulted in the establishment of the National Board of Examiners for Osteopathic Physicians in 1934. Since introducing its licensing examination in 1935, which utilized an essay type format, the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) examination has evolved into the current three-level examination sequence in computer-based format, including a clinical skills examination (PE) administered to augment Level 2. This article is written to familiarize the licensing authorities and the public with the history and organizational structure of the NBOME, the content of the COMLEXUSA licensing examination, methods of design, standard setting, test construction, score reporting and administration, and the international recognition of the COMLEX-USA examination series.

Abstract:

The tribe Hygrotini Portevin, 1929 is currently composed of four genera, Heroceras Guignot, 1950, Herophydrus Sharp, 1880, Hygrotus Stephens, 1828 (with two subgenera, Coelambus Thomson, 1860, and Hygrotus s. str.), and Hyphoporus Sharp, 1880. A recent molecular phylogeny of the tribe with ca. 45% of the 137 described species of Hygrotini, including the type species of all genus-level taxa, revealed extended para- or polyphyly of the current genera and subgenera (Villastrigo et al., Zoologica Scripta, in press), for which reason a new classification of the tribe Hygrotini is proposed. Within Hygrotini only two genera are recognised: Clemnius n. gen. (with two subgenera: Clemnius s. str. with type species Hyphydrus decoratus Gyllenhal, 1810, and Cyclopius n. subgen. with type species Hydroporus acaroides LeConte, 1855) and Hygrotus (with four subgenera: Coelambus, Hygrotus s. str., Hyphoporus n. stat. and Leptolambus n. subgen. with type species Dytiscus impressopunctatus Schaller, 1783). Two genera are synonymised under Hygrotus s. str., Herophydrus n. syn. and Heroceras n. syn. The following 67 new combinations, for species thus far treated under the genera Heroceras, Herophydrus, Hygrotus and Hyphoporus, result from the new classification: Clemnius (s. str.) berneri (Young & Wolfe, 1984) n. comb., Clemnius (s. str.) decoratus (Gyllenhal, 1810) n. comb., Clemnius (s. str.) hydropicus (LeConte, 1852) n. comb., Clemnius (s. str.) laccophilinus (LeConte, 1878) n. comb., Clemnius (s. str.) sylvanus (Fall, 1917) n. comb., Clemnius (Cyclopius) acaroides (LeConte, 1855) n. comb., Clemnius (Cyclopius) farctus (LeConte, 1855) n. comb., Clemnius (Cyclopius) marginipennis (Blatchley, 1912) n. comb., Hygrotus (s. str.) assimilis (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) bilardoi (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) capensis (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) confusus (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) descarpentriesi (Peschet, 1923) n. comb., H. (s. str.) discrepatus (Guignot, 1954) n. comb., H. (s. str.) endroedyi (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) gigantoides (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) gigas (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) goldschmidti (Pederzani & Rocchi, 2009) n. comb., H. (s. str.) gschwendtneri (Omer-Cooper, 1957) n. comb., H. (s. str.) hyphoporoides (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) ignoratus (Gschwendtner, 1933) n. comb., H. (s. str.) inquinatus (Boheman, 1848) n. comb., H. (s. str.) janssensi (Guignot, 1952) n. comb., H. (s. str.) kalaharii (Gschwendtner, 1935) n. comb., H. (s. str.) morandi (Guignot, 1952) n. comb., H. (s. str.) muticus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (s. str.) natator (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) nigrescens (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) nodieri (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) obscurus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (s. str.) obsoletus (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) ovalis (Gschwendtner, 1932) n. comb., H. (s. str.) pallidus (Omer-Cooper, 1931) n. comb., H. (s. str.) pauliani (Guignot, 1950) n. comb., H. (s. str.) quadrilineatus (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) reticulatus (Pederzani & Rocchi, 2009) n. comb., H. (s. str.) ritsemae (Régimbart, 1889) n. comb., H. (s. str.) rohani (Peschet, 1924) n. comb., H. (s. str.) rufus (Clark, 1863) n. comb., H. (s. str.) sjostedti (Régimbart, 1908) n. comb., H. (s. str.) spadiceus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (s. str.) sudanensis (Guignot, 1952) n. comb., H. (s. str.) travniceki (Šťastný, 2012) n. comb., H. (s. str.) tribolus (Guignot, 1953) n. comb., H. (s. str.) variabilis secundus (Régimbart, 1906) n. comb., H. (s. str.) variabilis variabilis (Guignot, 1954) n. comb., H. (s. str.) verticalis (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (s. str.) vittatus (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) wewalkai (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., Hygrotus (Hyphoporus) anitae (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) aper (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) bengalensis (Severin, 1890) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) bertrandi (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) caliginosus (Régimbart, 1899) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) dehraduni (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) elevatus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) geetae (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) josephi (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) kempi (Gschwendtner, 1936) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) montanus (Régimbart, 1899) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) nilghiricus (Régimbart, 1903) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) oudomxai (Brancucci & Biström, 2013) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) pacistanus (Guignot, 1959) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) pugnator (Sharp, 1890) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) severini (Régimbart, 1892) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) subaequalis (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) tonkinensis (Régimbart, 1899) n. comb.

Abstract:

With his unparalleled genius for self-promotion, Benjamin Disraeli advised us to ‘read no history, nothing but biography, for that is life without theory’. Historians of the British Conservative party have followed his instructions faithfully, long seduced by the charms of the political biography. In recent years alone the world has seen the publication of two scholarly and highly flattering biographies of the third marquess of Salisbury, by Andrew Roberts and David Steele, alongside a reconstruction of the distinctive Salisburian philosophical world by Michael Bentley, and a long overdue biography of Bonar Law by R. J. Q. Adams. Of the newer vintage, we now have Anthony Seldon's biography of John Major and the first instalment of John Campbell's deconstruction of Margaret Thatcher. One can only shudder with trepidation at the unedifying prospect of the weighty and earnest tomes devoted to William Hague or Iain Duncan Smith awaiting tomorrow's historians. The fates and fortunes of the party continue to be intertwined unproblematically with the qualities of its successive leaders. On one level this is inevitable, befitting the self-image of a party which has always valued leadership and hierarchy. But on another level the predilection for biography has encouraged Conservative studies to remain stubbornly immured within a set of sterile and untheoretical paradigms. The tendency is for narration rather than explanation, for ‘party’ to be defined institutionally rather than organically, and for the world of politics to be reduced to conversations held within the hermetic corridors of Westminster. The more imaginative and innovative work on Victorian and Edwardian politics to have appeared in recent years has been carried out by historians of the Liberal and Labour parties.

Abstract:

The aim of the study is to present the development of hospital services and the teaching of medicine, and the development of urology in Danzig (Gdańsk). Well known Danzig surgeons who were interested in surgery of the genitourinary system are also presented. The beginning of urological surgery and its development within the framework of the department of surgery and as an independent facility at the Medical Academy of Gdańsk in the post‑war period is also described. Extensive research was undertaken for the collection of literature and documents in German and Polish archives and libraries in order to prepare this study. The history of hospitals in Danzig goes back to the arrival of the Teutonic Knights in 1308. The earliest institution, according to historical sources, was the Hospital of the Holy Spirit, built in the years 1310–1311. It was run by the Hospitalet Order until 1382, and was intended for the sick, elderly and disabled people, orphans and needy pilgrim, and the poor. Later centuries saw the further development of hospital services in Danzig. In the 19th century, the city’s increasing population, the development of the sciences, and rapid advances in medicine subsequently led to the establishment of three more hospitals in Gdańsk: The Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynaecological Disease (1819), the Holy Virgin Hospital (1852), and the Evangelical Hospital of Deaconess Sisters (1857), in addition to the old Municipal Hospital. In 1911, new modern buildings of Municipal Hospital in Danzig were finished. On the basis of the Municipal Hospital, the Academy of Practical Medicine was established in 1935. It was known under the name Staatliche Akademie für Praktische Medizin in the Free City of Danzig. Five years later (in 1940) the Academy was developed and changed to the Medical Academy of Danzig (Medizinische Akad‑ emie Danzig – MAD). The beginning of medical teaching at the middle level in Danzig (Gdańsk) dates back to the 16th century. It had its origins in the Chair of Anatomy and Medicine at Danzig Academic Gymnasium (GA; Sive Illustre), an establishment which lasted for 239 years, from 1584 to 1812. The history of surgery in Danzig has its roots in the centuries‑old tradition of the medical practice of surgeons who were associated in the Surgeons Guild, teaching, as well medical and scientific research. The Surgeons Guild existed in Danzig from 1454 to 1820. Over the centuries manual intervention was also in the hands of academically uneducated persons such as bath house attendants, barbers, and wandering surgeons. Until the end of 1946 there was no separate urology department in Danzig. Urological surgery was in the hands of surgeons. Interventions and operations on genitourinary organs were carried out, more or less, in all surgical depart‑ ments. The end of World War II created a new political situation in Europe. Danzig (now Gdańsk) and Pomerania became part of Poland. In 1945, on the basis of the former MAD, the Polish Government established the Polish Academy of Physicians, later renamed the Medical Academy in Gdańsk (Gdańska Akademia Medyczna – GAM). In 2009, GAM was again renamed, as the Medical University of Gdańsk (Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny). The political changes after World War II accelerated the process of the separation of urology from surgery. In May 1947, a 30‑bed Urological Ward was opened in Gdańsk, in Dębinki Street, forming part of the First Surgical Clinic of the Academy of Physicians (headed by Prof. Kornel Michejda, 1887–1960, later by Prof. Stanisław Nowicki, 1893–1972, and lastly by Prof. Zdzisław Kieturakis, 1904–1971). The first head doctor of the new urological ward was Dr. Tadeusz Lörenz (1906–1986), a urologist from Lvov (Lemberg). After the departure of Professor Lorenz to Wrocław (Breslau) in 1958, Dr. Jan Renkielski was acting as Head of the Uro‑ logical Ward until 1971. In 1971 the ward was transformed to the separate Department of Urology. Docent (“lecturer”), and later Professor, Kazimierz Adamkiewicz from Zabrze (Hindenburg) became its Head. Professor Adamkiewicz organized and equipped the Department, leading it quickly to the level of modern departments in the areas of research, teaching, and therapy. During Professor Adamkiewicz’s illness, and after his retirement in 1988, Docent Kazimierz Krajka, Later Professor) headed the urological department until his retirement in 2012. Since 1 October 2012, Associate Professor (Docent) Marcin Matuszewski (*1965) has been the head of the Department of Urology in Gdańsk.