Journal articles: 'Catholic Handbook' – Grafiati (2024)

Abstract:

Today, there are 65 active monasteries in Switzerland that were founded before 1800. They include women’s and men’s convents of 13 different orders of the Roman Catholic Church. These monasteries preserve a significant part of the written cultural heritage (manuscripts and prints) in Switzerland. Almost all monasteries are facing great challenges because of today’s major social and structural changes, which also have an impact on the book heritage of religious communities. The project Handbook of Monastic Libraries in Switzerland intends to create a survey of the current state of Swiss monastic libraries. The articles of this handbook describe the scope, content, condition and challenges of all monastic libraries. Well-known abbeys such as Einsiedeln, Engelberg or Saint Maurice as well as a large number of smaller women’s monasteries with less renowned book collections will be covered. The handbook aims at raising awareness for the preservation of monastic book heritage among politicians and the public.The paper will present first results from the work on the Handbook of Monastic Libraries in Switzerland and provide insight into actual conservation issues and research opportunities in Swiss monastic libraries.

Abstract:

On behalf of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops’ Conference (MKKP), under the direction of the Catholic Pedagogical Institute (KAPI), since July 2018 we have been working on a series of history textbooks for high school students which also comprises the Christian values. This textbook has been designed for the new National Curriculum (NAT) and considered only organic innovations. We have kept several elements of the previous textbooks, but at the same time new novelties and perspectives have been introduced, especially in the more thematic approach of the teaching the universal history. The teacher’s handbook will be an innovation with the answers to the questions, the recommended methodological processing suggestions given to the exercises and the tasks for the graduation. All of these would be supported by digital interface. Our ambition is to support the teachers to teach easily, and help the students to learn independently.

Abstract:

In order to attain a deeper understanding of Aristotelian philosophy in the Renaissance, it is necessary to consider the theological implications of given facts. This article discusses a basic problem centring on the reception of Aristotle’s Ethics. The Nicomachean Ethics was widely regarded as the basis for a virtuous ethical life, yet how could a pagan philosophy, with its concepts of happiness, virtue, justice, etc., be the basis of a Christian society? The aim of the present article is to show how Lutheran scholars solved this problem in confrontation with Catholic and Calvinist scholars of the time. The first part deals with the two basic components of Aristotle’s Ethics, namely the doctrines of happiness (Eudaimonologia) and virtue (Aretologia), and attempts to show that Aristotle’s Ethics should not be understood as a system of rules, but rather as a handbook for the cultivation of practical habits in the free human being who strives to live a good life. The second part examines two key ideological confrontations in relation to Aristotle’s philosophy: between Lutherans and Calvinists in respect of definition of theology and philosophical and theological virtues on the one hand, and between Lutherans and ›the Enthusiasts‹ in respect of the concept of virtues on the other.

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The role of parent at st. Benedictus gulf of Siak Estate is less serious than entertaining the Catholic faith in paiding. preparing children for the first communion. Often children who should be able to receive communion are, in fact, unable to accept it because parents are busy with their work or the child himself is not asking the parents to take the first communion preparation. Research aims to review the practical roles of parents with children, to know inhibitors and supportive factors and to know the steps to improving parenting. Research of qualitative methods with this descriptive approach scores the data trianulation. With the respondent's parents of the first communion candidate. Data collection techniques using interviews, and documentation, and observations. Research indicates that parents perform a child's side by taking part in the first communion study, inviting children to the celebration of the Eucharist and teaching reverence before and after receiving holy communion, and actively inviting children to join spiritual activities in the church, both in the ward and at home. The barriers that parents experience are sometimes forgetting to remind children follow communion study and the difficulty of teaching children to manage time between play and learning. Supporting factors of parents have teachers and catechism and the first communion handbook and facilitate transportation. Parish priest and caretaker of gere

Abstract:

Although often taking part in seminars and workshops on how to teach English to their students, it seems that elementary school teachers of English (though not all) do not really implement what they have received in their classrooms. The seminar that the English Department of Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University held on the 8th of August 2015 was a workshop where the participants, the elementary school teachers of English, were trained to demonstrate how to use drama, storytelling, games and songs as techniques in teaching English to their students. They were expected to be able to use these techniques in their respective classrooms. The techniques became the alternatives to the current techniques being practiced at schools to enliven the learning atmosphere. Therefore, this study which is the third level or the last level of our project on developing an English handbook for English teachers at elementary schools, is in the form of an observational study describing how the teachers implemented the techniques -- drama, storytelling, games and songs -- in their respective classrooms, students’ responses and what problems took place when the teachers were carrying out the techniques. The results show that the teachers were able to teach those techniques in their classes, students actively took part more actively in their English class, and they liked games and songs much.

Abstract:

The Oriental Department of the St Petersburg University’s library has a unique manuscript “Confessionario em Lingua Mandarina”, a handbook for confession, compiled by Dominican father Francisco Varo (1627-1687) for use in his (and his confrères) missionary work in earlier Qing China (sec. half of the 17th c.). The manuscript, seven folios altogether, bound into a dictionary (Dictionario Lusitanico Sinico Tartaro Historico Mathematico Latino for Congregação da Missão Portugueza), amidst its main body, is a precious gift to all researchers in the field, for it is, by all accounts, a unique exemplar of this kind of text by the famous missionary. Varo’s written legacy has received special attention from historians of Catholic missions in China and researchers on the Ming and Qing Chinese language. However a Confessionario is not traced in Varo’s bibliography. The undenied value of the text is its bilingual contents: the confessor’s questions in the Portuguese language translated into the earlier Qing Mandarin (southern guanhua). Documents, codifying the main Chinese dialect of the 17th c. are rather rare, although a number of elaborated descriptions of variant systems of guanhua romanization by Western missionaries provide us with all necessary instruments to analyse the transcription method, used by Varo in the Confessionario. The author of the article attempts to implement the existing methodology to identify the place of this piece of Varo’s work in the Chinese romanization mosaic. Being Portuguese-based, the transcription of the Confessionario differs significantly from Varo’s Spanish-oriented system in Vocabulario de la Lengua Mandarina (1670) and Arte de la Lengua Mandarina (1682-1703), naturally demonstrating more in common to the earlier systems by Ricci, Trigault and Martini. A few peculiarities of the romanization used in Confessionario are revealed in the article.

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This volume has been eagerly awaited for many years by people who have been aware of this aspect of the authors’ activities, but it will be a revelation to many others who only know their previous joint work, commonly called A&R, A Catalogue of Catholic Books in English Printed Abroad or Secretly in England 1558–1640, published originally in Biographical Studies, 1956, the predecessor of Recusant History. That publication has long been available separately and its findings, though not all its information about locations of copies, have also been taken into the second edition of the Short Title Catalogue by Dr. K. F. Pantzer. Now the authors announce that they plan to publish as volume II of their new work an augmented revision of the English catalogue, but rearranged on the same lines as the volume under review. The assignment of fresh numbers to the entries in that revision, mentioned here, is a proprosai which has already aroused serious misgivings (to put it mildly) among habitual users of the established A&R references. They are conscious of the confusion caused by the late Donald Wing’s alteration of numbers for items in the second edition of volume I of his Short Title Catalogue 1641–1700, which are having to be reversed in the third edition. The reason for the proposed change to A&R is presumably that in this new work they are offering more of a subject than author-related handbook, although part I of the present volume is still arranged alphabetically under individual and institutional names (not all authors, yet mainly so) and is much longer (1428 items plus and minus afterthoughts) than part II, which is arranged chronologically by a number of historical episodes and amounts to only about 190 items.

Abstract:

This article aims to discuss various aspects of female religious vocational education from the perspective of sensibility and discipline. To do this, we bring testimonies of women who underwent the vocational education process at the Congregation of the Sisters Servants of the Immaculate Conception. The utterances, in dialogue with professional education handbooks, build a rather large panorama, which makes it possible to glimpse the construction of meanings and vocations for later work institutionally linked to the Catholic Church

Abstract:

The aim of this article is to analyze the views on man’s relation to animals in the handbooks of moral theology from the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries, which affected theological and moral reflection until the 1970s. Man’s relation to animals is discussed in most of the analyzed studies representing the Alphonsian, Neo-Thomistic and Christocentric currents. The moralists focus primarily on the question of acquiring the ownership right to animals. However, the authors also reflect on animal rights and man’s duties towards other living beings. Although these categories are usually unacceptable to them, they clearly encourage their readers to treat animals with sensitivity. Some handbooks actually describe instances of cruelty to animals as morally offensive. The writings analyzed permit the conclusion that the pre-Conciliar moral theology laid foundations for the development of the contemporary concept of man’s duties towards animals in the teaching of the Catholic Church and in theological and moral thought.

Abstract:

One hundred years ago, the discipline of church history was well established within institutions of higher learning in Western societies. The heirs of Leopold von Ranke and Philip Schaff were well versed in the range of topics that church history comprised. Church history was an integral part of the study of theology. Church historians published handbooks and had their own journals. All church historians—those with a Catholic and those with a Protestant affiliation, the members of state churches, and those belonging to church bodies, built on the principle of voluntarism—seemed to have a common agenda. This was the story of Christian churches throughout the centuries.

Abstract:

AbstractDrawing from personal experience or the preparation of aspiring pastors, some English authors sought to refine clerical job descriptions during the first century of religious reform. Although clerical advice manuals consistently demanded a morally upright life and suitable academic training, the pastor's ongoing spiritual formation assumed more importance. Handbooks written by authors as diverse as the "Puritan" Richard Bernard, the "establishment" pastor George Herbert, and the "papist" George Gilbert also outlined the use of several novel methods to deal with individuals who failed to respond to more traditional means of preaching and provision of the sacraments. A close reading of such manuals provides a window on competing visions of English clerical life before 1660.

Abstract:

In the last decades of the 18th century, a few Polish dioceses were governed by representatives of the Catholic Enlightenment. Their pastoral activities focused on the reform of the priesthood and, especially, on the duty of preaching. Despite being perceived as members of a single group, their ideas differed to the point of being mutually contradictory. Interpretation of the ideological differences among these bishops is the preliminary aim of the paper. I examined pastoral letters and preacher handbooks written by four of these bishops: Michał Poniatowski, Ignacy Massalski, Wojciech Skarszewski, and Porfiriusz Skarbek-Ważyński. However, my main concern is the social practice of parochial preachers in their dioceses. I was interested in the methodology of sermonizing, the frequency of preaching topics, and the style and content of homilies delivered by clergy. I based my research on pastoral visitations, especially from the Diocese of Płock, providing information about the printed collections of sermons used by parochial clergy as well as the texts they wrote. The main conclusions are as follows: the clergy adopted to some extent only those reforms which were adjusted to their parochial needs and were supported by administrative pressure. Regardless of theoretical programs, preaching in the Commonwealth was changing in the direction of “Enlightened Tridentine Catholicism.” This means that the clergy accepted an enlightened style and language and a focus on morality, but not models of social and natural worlds. However, by rejecting the latter, they avoided enhancing the process of division between popular and elite.

Abstract:

. إسلامية المعرفة عند السيد محمد باقر الصدر. حسن أحمد سالم العمري. بيروت: دار الهادي للنشر، 2003م، 176 ص. علم الكلام الجديد: نشأته وتطوره. إبراهيم بدوي، بيروت: دار العلم، 2002، سلسلة عالم الفلسفة والعرفان، 190 ص. الرؤية الكونية من المادية إلى العرفان. تأليف شادي فقيه، سلسلة عالم الفلسفة والعرفان رقم 9، بيروت: دار العلم، 2003، 232 ص. السلطة والمعارضة في الاسلام: بحث في إشكالية الفكرية والاجتماعية (11-132ﻫ)، زهير هواري، بيروت: المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر، الطبعة الأولى، 2003، الحجم 612 صفحة. المدخل العلمي والمعرفي لفهم القرآن الكريم: نظرات في التجديد المنهجي. تأليف عمران سميح نزال، دمشق: دار قتيبة، وعمان: دار القراء، 2003، 270ص. عولمة الإسلام، أوليفيه روا، ترجمة لارا معلوف، بيروت: دار الساقي، 2003، 222ص. العرب والغرب. تحرير عبد الواحد لؤلؤة وآخرين، جرش، الأردن: جامعة فيلادفيا. 2003، 600 صفحة. عودة الاستعمار والحملة الأميركية على العرب. الفضل شلق. بيروت: دار النفائس، 2003، 303 ص. الدين في القرار الأمريكي. محمد السمّاك، بيروت: دار النفائس، 2003، 110 ص. التربية المتكاملة للطفل المسلم في البيت والمدرسة. عبد السلام عبد الله الجقندي، دمشق: دار قتيبة، 2003، 431 ص. المثقف والتغيير: قراءات في المشهد الثقافي المعاصر. تأليف د. صلاح جرار، بيروت: المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر، وعمان: دار الفارس للنشر والتوزيع، 2003م. سادة العالم الجدد: العولمة - النهابون - المرتزقة – الغجر. جان بلغر. ترجمة محمد زكريا إسماعيل، بيروت: مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، 2003، 304 ص. ما بعد الجهاد: أمريكا والبحث عن ديمقراطية إسلامية. تأليف نوح فلدمان وترجمة الناشر، عمّان: مركز جنين للدراسات الاستراتيجية، 2003. محنة أمة. د. مصطفي الفقي. القاهرة: دار الشروق، ط1، 2003م، عدد الصفحات: 450 ص. دفاع عن الإنسان دراسات نظرية وتطبيقية في النماذج المركبة. د. عبد الوهاب المسيري، القاهرة:دار الشروق، القاهرة، ط1، 2003م، 367 ص. في الخطاب والمصطلح الصهيوني دراسة نظرية وتطبيقية. د. عبد الوهاب المسيري، القاهرة:دار الشروق، ط1، 2003م، عدد الصفحات: 283 ص. العرب في أمريكا: صراع الغربة والاندماج. إعداد عدد من الباحثين، وتحرير ميخائيل وديع سليمان. بيروت: مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، 2003م، 506 ص. Le Choc de l'Islam : XVIIIe-XXIe siècle. Marc Ferro. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2003, 247 pp. Antisémitisme: L’intolérable Chantage. Israél-palestine, une affaire française? Etienne Balibar et al. Paris : La Découverte, 2003, 144 p. Les penseurs libres dans l'Islam classique. L'interrogation sur la religion chez les penseurs arabes indépendants. Dominique Urvoy. Flammarion, 2003, 261 pp. Tensions and Transitions in the Muslim World. Loay Safi, New York: University Press of America, 2004, 230 pp. Globalization of the Other Underdevelopment: Third World Cultural Identities. By Mahmoud Thawadi. Kuala Lumpur: A.S. Noordeen, 2002, 161 pp. The Future of Political Islam. Graham E. Fuller. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2003, 227 pp. Arab Human Development Report: Building the Knowledge Society in the Arab Countries. New York: United Nations, 2003, 202 pp. Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance, and Despair in the Middle East. Joyce M. Davis. 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Abstract:

Мета цього дослідження – проаналізувати можливість використовувати погляди Р. В. Ленекера на когнітивну семантику як семантико-текстологічну модель перекладознавчого аналізу. Матеріалом для розгляду обрано твір «Слово некоего калугера о чьтьи книг» із «Ізборника Святослава» 1076 р. та його три переклади: два переклади сучасною українською мовою (повний – В. Яременка, частковий – Є. Карпіловської й Л. Тарновецької) та один переклад англійською мовою (В. Федера). Теорія когнітивної семантики Р. Ленекера орієнтується здебільшого на граматичні проблеми й опис мови через параметри простору. Параметрам опису образности, які пропонує когнітивна семантика, бракує чіткости, які мають аналітичні методи структуралізму. Однак, вони виконують головну аналітичну функцію: вони дозволяють усвідомити наявні в перекладі порушення й відхилення від першотвору та намагатися усвідомити їхню природу й межі. Література References Бычков В. 2000 лет христианской культуры sub specie aesthetica : в 2 т. 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Moskcow: Znak. Православная энциклопедия. Т. 16. Москва : Церк.-науч. центр «Православнаяэнциклопедия», 2007.Pravoslavnaia Entsyklopediia. T. 16. [Orthodox Encyclopedia. Vol. 16]. (2007). Moscow:Church and Scientific Center “Pravoslavnaia Entsyklopediia”. Сивокінь Г.М. Одвічний діалог: (Українська література і її читач від давнини досьогодні). Київ : Дніпро, 1984.Syvokin, H. M. (1984). Odvichnyi dialoh: (Ukrainska literatura i yiyi chytach vid davnynydo sohodni). [The eternal dialogue: Ukrainian literature and its readership from the oldtimes till nowadays]. Kyiv: Dnipro. Словарь древнерусского языка (XI–XIV вв.) / гл. ред. Р. И. Аванесов. Москва: Рус. яз., 1988.Slovar drevnerusskoho yazyka (XI–XIV vv.). [A dictionary of the Russian language of the11th–14th centuries]. (1988). Avanesov, R. Y. (ed.-in-chief). Moscow: Russkiy Yazyk. Словарь русского языка ХІ–XVII вв. Москва: Наука, 1975.Slovar Russkogo Yazyka ХІ–XVII vv. [A dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th-17th centuries]. (1975). Moscow: Nauka. Slovar Staroslavianskogo Yazyka. [A dictionary of the Old Slavonic language]. (2006).Saint-Petersburg. Словарь української мови / упор. з дод. влас. матеріалу Б. Грінченко. Київ, 1907–1909.Slovar Ukrayinskoyi Movy. [A Dictionary of the Ukrainian language]. (1907–1909).Hrinchenko, B. (comp.) Kyiv. Срезневскій И.И. Матеріалы для словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъпамятникамъ. Санктпетербургъ, 1893–1912. Sreznevskiy, I. I. (1893–1912). Materialy Dlia Slovaria Drevne-russkago Yazyka poPismennymPpamiatnikam. [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Rus Language asBased on Written Monuments ].Saint-Petersburg. Словник української мови. Київ : Наукова думка, 1970–1980.Slovnyk Ukrayinskoyi Movy. [A Dictionary of the Ukrainian language]. (1970–1980).Kyiv: Naukova Doumka. Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. Київ: Наук. думка, 1977–1978.Slovnyk Staroukrayinskoyi Movy XIV–XV st. [A Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language ofthe 14th–15th centuries]. (1977–1978). Kyiv: Naukova doumka,. Словник української мови XVI – першої половини XVII ст. Львів, 1994.Slovnyk Ukrayinskoyi Movy XVI – Pershoyi Polovyny XVII st. [A Dictionary of theUkrainian Language of the 16th to the first half of the 17th centuries]. (1994). Lviv. Українська література ХІ–ХVІІІ століть / упоряд. Є. А. Карпіловська,Л. О. Тарновецька. Чернівці : Прут, 1997.Ukrayinska Literatura ХІ–ХVІІІ stolit. [Ukrainian Literature of the 11th–18th Centuries].(1997).Ye. A. Karpilovska, L. O. Tarnovetska (Eds.). Chernivtsi: Prut. Франко І. Із лектури наших предків ХІ в. // Франко І. Додаткові томи до Зібраннятворів у п’ятдесяти томах / І. Франко. Київ : Наук. думка, 2010. Т. 54. С. 911–922.Franko, I. (2010). Iz lektury nashykh predkiv ХІ v. [From the Readings of our Ancestors inthe 11th century]. In: Dodatkovi Tomy do Zibrannia Tvoriv u Pyatdesiaty Tomakh . Vol. 54(pp. 911–922). Kyiv: Naukova doumka. Цейтлин Р.М. Лексика старославянского языка: Опыт анализа мотивированныхслов по данным древнеболгарских рукописей Х—ХІ вв. Москва: Наука, 1977.Tseitlin, R. M. (1977). Leksika Staroslavianskogo Yazyka: Opyt Analiza MotivirovannykhSlov po Dannym Drevnebolgarskikh Rukopisei Х—ХІ vv. [Lexis of the Old SlavonicLanguage: A Case Study of Derived Vocabulary in the Old Bulgarian Manuscripts of the10th–11th centuries]. Moscow: Nauka. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary: Complete Text ReproducedMicrographically. (1971). Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary: Complete Text ReproducedMicrographically. (1987). Burchfield, R. W. (ed.). Oxford u.a.: Clarendon Press. The Edificatory Prose of Kievan Rus' (1994). Veder, W. R. (trans.). Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press. Henry, M. (1972). Commentary on the Whole Bible: Complete and Unabridged in 2Volumes. Wilmington, Delaware: Sovereign Grace. Langacker, R. (1988). A View of Linguistic Semantics. In: Topics in CognitiveLinguistics (pp. 49–89). Amsterdam: Benjamins. Langacker, R. W. (1987). Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Stanford CA: StanfordUniversity Press. New Catholic Encyclopedia. (2002–2003). Detroit: Thomson/Gale. Sophocles, E. A. (1914). Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine periods: (fromB. C. 146 to A.D. 1100). Cambridge : Harvard University Press ; London: HumphreyMilford. Stockwell, P. (2002). Cognitive Poetics: An Introduction. London: Routledge. 17. Словарь старославянского языка. СПб, 2006.

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The all-iron flow battery initially proposed in 1981 by Hruska and Savinell represents a cost effective and environmentally benign system for large scale energy storage1. The all-iron chemistry consists of the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reaction at the positive electrode, and iron plating and stripping at the negative electrode. Because the standard reduction potential for iron plating is more cathodic than that of hydrogen evolution, electrolyte pH heavily influences coulombic plating efficiency as well as deposit morphology and microstructure2-5. Increasing the electrolyte pH decreases the diffusion limited current for hydrogen evolution and shifts the equilibrium potential more negative6. However, iron is not stable at high pH as shown by the Pourbaix diagram, where it will precipitate as hydroxide species. Boric acid is a common component in iron group plating baths where it is believed to function as a buffering agent helping to stabilize pH near the electrode7-9. However, it is not understood how boric acid with a pKa value of 9.27 can buffer at low pH10. The aim of this work is to further understand the effects of pH near the electrode surface and the role of boric acid on the electrodeposition of iron group metals. Electrodeposition of selected iron group metals will be discussed with a focus on the effect of boric acid. We present an in-situ technique for monitoring near surface pH as a function of plating current density. This measurement is accomplished using a tungsten microelectrode which acts as an indicator for hydrogen ion activity11-13. Our results demonstrate that boric acid is not effective in buffering the near surface pH in the acidic baths tested. Even at high current densities in a pH 2.5 electrolyte, the near surface pH did not exceed 6. However, the addition of boric acid improved deposit morphology and current distribution; coupons plated from electrolytes containing boric acid, and those without, are compared and discussed. At high current density and high pH, boric acid incorporates into the deposits, which is studied by use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and coulombic efficiency data aid in understanding additive adsorption as well as the influence of boric acid on the deposition mechanism. In addition to surface specific information, the effects of boric acid on exhaustive plating and long-term bath stability will be presented to account for buffering effects in the bulk electrolyte when pH exceeds 6. References W. Hruska and R. F. Savinell, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 128, (1) 18-25 (1981) R. Gabe, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 27, 908 (1997) Nakahara and S. Mahajan, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 127 (2) (1980) Cohen-Hyams, Wayne D. Kaplan, Joseph Yahalom, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 5 (8) C75-C78 (2002) Hawthorne et al., Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 162 (1) A108-A113 (2015) Hilbert, Y.Miyoshi, G. Eichkorn, and W. J. Lorenz, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 118, 1927 (1971) Zech and D. Landolt, Electrochimica Acta, 45 (21) 3461-3471 (2000) P. Hoare, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 133 (12) 2491-2494 (1986). Santos, R. Matos, F. Trivinho-Strixino and E. C. Pereira, “Effect of temperature on Co electrodeposition in the presence of boric acid” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 53, pp. 644-649 (2007) R. Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, p. 1274, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (2005) E. S. El Wakkad, H. A. Rizk and I. G. Ebaid, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 59, (10) 1004-1008 (1955) O. Park, C.-H. Paik and H. C. Alkire, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 8, (143) p. 174 (1996) Webb and R. Alkire, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 146, (6) p. B280 (2002)

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Методами поляризационных и импедансных измерений изучена кинетика реакции выделения водорода на MnSi-электроде в сернокислых растворах с различной концентрацией ионов водорода. Сделано предположение о механизме выделения водорода на силициде. Отмечено влияние тонкой оксидной пленки на кинетику выделения водорода на MnSi при невысоких катодных поляризациях. REFERENCES Rotinyan A. L., Tikhonov K. I., Shoshina I. A. Teoreticheskaya elektrokhimiya [Theoretical Electrochemistry]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1981, 424 p. (in Russ.) Antropov L. I. Teoreticheskaya elektrokhimiya [Theoretical Electrochemistry]. Мoscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1984, 519 p. (in Russ.) Shamsul Huq A. K. M., Rosenberg A. J. J. Electrochemical behavior of nickel compounds. Electrochem. Soc. , 1964, v. 111(3), p. 270. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2426107 Vijh A. K., Belanger G., Jacques R. Electrochemical reactions oh iron silicide surfaces in sulphuric acid. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1988, v. 20(6), pp. 529–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(88)90086-7 Vijh A. K., Belanger G., Jacques R. Electrochemical activity of silicides of some transition metals for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic solutions. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1990, v. 15(11), pp. 789–794. DOI: 10.1016/0360-3199(90)90014-P Shein A. B. Elektrokhimiya silitsidov i germanidov perekhodnykh metallov [Electrochemistry of silicides and germanides of transition metals]. Perm‘, Perm. gos. un-t Publ., 2009, 269 p. (in Russ.) Vigdorovich V. I., Tsygankova L. E., Gladysheva I. E., Kichigin V. I. Kinetics of hydrogen evolution from acidic solutions on pressed micro graphite electrodes modifi ed with carbon nanotubes. II. Impedance studies. Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 2012, v. 48(4), pp. 438–443. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205112040181 Meyer S., Nikiforov A. V., Petrushina I. M., Kohler K., Christensen E., Jensen J. O., Bjerrum N. J. Transition metal carbides (WC, Mo2C, TaC, NbC) as potential electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at medium temperatures. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2015, v. 40(7), pp. 2905–2911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.076 Kichigin V. I., Shein A. B., Shamsutdinov A. Sh. The kinetics of cathodic hydrogen evolution on iron monosilicide in acid and alkaline solutions. Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy [Condensed Matter and Interphases], 2016, v. 18(3), pp. 326–337. URL: https://journals.vsu.ru/kcmf/article/view/140/98 (in Russ.) Eftekhari A. Electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, v. 42(16), pp. 11053–11077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.02.125 Schalenbach M., Speck F. D., Ledendecker M., Kasian O., Goehl D., Mingers A. M., Breitbach B., Springer H., Cherevko S., Mayrhofer K. J. J. Nickelmolybdenum alloy catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction: Activity and stability revised. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, v. 259, pp. 1154–1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.069 Kuz’minykh M. M., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Cathodic hydrogen evolution on iron disilicide. II. Acidic solution. Izvestiya vuzov. Khimiya i khim. tekhnologiya, 2019, v. 62(2), pp. 59–64. https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt. 20196202.5750 (in Russ.) Samsonov G. V., Dvorina L. A., Rud’ B.M. Silitsidy [Silicides]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1979, 272 p. (in Russ.) Samsonov G. V., Vinitskii I. M. Tugoplavkie soedineniya [Refractory compounds]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1976, 560 p. (in Russ.) Yamasaki T., Okada S., Kamamoto K., Kudou K. Crystal Growth and properties of manganese-silicon system compounds by high-temperature tin solution method. Pacific Science Review, 2012, v. 14(3), pp. 275. Lee M., Onose Y., Tokura Y., Ong N. P. Hidden constant in the anomalous Hall effect of high-purity magnet MnSi. Phys. Rev. B., 2007, v. 75(17), p. 172403. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.172403 Neubauer A., Pfl eiderer C., Binz B., Rosch A., Ritz R., Niklowitz P. G., Boni P. Topological Hall effect in the a phase of MnSi. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009, v. 102(18), pp. 186602. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.186602 Sukhotin A. M. Spravochnik po elektrokhimii [Handbook of electrochemistry]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1981, 488 p. (in Russ.) Zhang X. G. Electrochemistry of silicon and its oxide. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001. 510 p. Xu X., Bojkov H., Goodman D. W. Electrochemical study of ultrathin silica fi lms supported on a platinum substrate. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 1994, v. A12(4), pp. 1882–1885. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.579022 Harrington D. A., Conway B. E. ac Impedance of Faradaic reactions involving electrosorbed intermediates — I. Kinetic theory. Electrochim. Acta, v. 32(12), pp. 1703–1712. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(87)80005-1 Orazem M. E., Tribollet B. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. J. Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New York, 2008, 533 p. Kichigin V. I., Sherstobitova I. N., Shein A. B. Impedans elektrokhimicheskikh i korrozionnykh sistem: ucheb. posobie po spetskursu [The impedance of electrochemical and corrosion systems: textbook. special course allowance]. Perm’, Perm. gos. un-t Publ., 2009, 239 p. (in Russ.) Kichigin V. I., Shein A. B. Diagnostic criteria for hydrogen evolution mechanisms in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemica Acta, 2014, v. 138, pp. 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.114 Kichigin V. I., Shein A. B. Additional criteria for the mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction in the impedance spectroscopy method. Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta. Ser. Khimiya, 2018, v. 8, iss. 3, pp. 316–324. https://doi.org/10.17072/2223-1838-2018-3-316-324 (in Russ.) Kichigin V. I., Shein A. B. Infl uence of hydrogen absorption on the potential dependence of the Faradaic impedance parameters of hydrogen evolution reaction. Electrochemica Acta, 2016, v. 201, pp. 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.194

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Membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) and specifically the anode catalyst are of particular interest in PEM water electrolysis (WE) research as they are considered key components for the capital expenditure and operating expenditure of a PEMWE system (1). An effective method to understand the operation of the MEA is to apply diagnostic tools during the operation of the electrolysis cell. Previous studies in this regard have been mainly limited to the total cell voltage. However, the individual electrode behavior cannot be investigated in the standard setup. To improve the MEA design, the individual electrode behavior is crucial. This can be captured by using a reference electrode (RE). In this work, a salt bridge is used for the first time as RE concept for polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The implementation is shown in figure 1.a. Via a porous transport layer impregnated with Nafion, the reference electrode can access the ionic potential of the catalyst layer under investigation. This isolates the kinetic overvoltage from other cell voltage contributions such as ohmic membrane losses, see figure 1.b. The experiments in this study include polarization curves with conventional materials and operating conditions. In addition, EIS is performed to test the applicability of the measurement method in RE operation. Exemplary results are shown in Figure 1.c. In addition, a previous analysis of RE from fuel and electrolytic cells is presented and a classification by electrode type and positioning is made. The key results are subsequently summarized. First, a distinction is made according to the principle behavior of the electrode or its possible configurations. The principal electrode behavior includes the dynamic hydrogen electrode (DHE), the quasireference electrodes, external REs and other configurations. Concrete concepts follow from this. For example, the DHE can be implemented with two platinum wires. By applying a current in the microampere range, the hydrogen evolution reaction takes place in the presence of water. The platinum wire in hydrogen atmosphere becomes the RE (2). Quasireference electrodes are very commonly used with ionic liquids. They are often metal wires (3). A platinum wire is used in a recent work for recording individual electrochemical impedance spectra of anode and cathode (4). Any type of RE can be used as an external RE, such as the silver-silver chloride electrode. Another possibility is to create a free-standing catalyst strip by laser ablation of the MEA. This strip can be used as a reversible electrode to measure the voltage difference with the active catalyst layer participating in the reaction (5). In addition to the behavior of the electrode, a subdivision is made into the position of the RE. In order to separate the potential of one of the two electrodes from the total potential, the measurement can be made as close as possible to the electrode under investigation. This can be implemented by a direct measurement in the catalyst layer (6) or a special geometry of the active area (7). Alternatively, the potential can be measured at the membrane and a correction of the ohmic membrane losses can be used to infer the electrode potential to be investigated. Here, too, two implementations are possible. On the one hand, the RE can be positioned between two membrane halves (4). On the other hand, the membrane can be contacted outside the active area (8). One requirement chosen for the presented concept is the applicability of the RE independent of the geometry of the MEA. Furthermore, the RE should be insensitive to misalignment of the catalyst layers. The exact alignment of the anodic and cathodic catalyst layers is challenging and even small deviations lead to a shift of the potential in the membrane (8). For the two reasons mentioned above, the concept of salt bridge with external RE is used in the direct approach at the electrode. References The national hydrogen strategy (Juni 2020). M. V. Lauritzen, P. He, A. P. Young, S. Knights, V. Colbow and P. Beattie, Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 10(3), 143–145 (2007). G. Inzelt, A. Lewenstam, F. Scholz and F. G. K. Baucke, Editors, Handbook of reference electrodes, Springer, Berlin (2013). A. Hartig-Weiß, M. Bernt, A. Siebel and H. A. Gasteiger, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168(11), 114511 (2021). D. Gerteisen, J Appl Electrochem, 37(12), 1447–1454 (2007). E. Brightman, J. Dodwell, N. van Dijk and G. Hinds, Electrochemistry Communications, 52, 1–4 (2015). A. A. Kulikovsky and P. Berg, J. Electrochem. Soc., 162(8), F843-F848 (2015). G. Li and P. G. Pickup, Electrochimica Acta, 49(24), 4119–4126 (2004). Figure 1

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Abstract The present article analyzes the Keys to Bioethics - JMJ Rio 2013 handbook, produced by the Jerôme Lejeune Foundation and the National Commission for Family Pastoral Care, linked to the National Conference of Bishops in Brazil. This booklet was offered to people attending the World Youth Day that took place in Rio de Janeiro in 2013. It is a student’s guide, created to educate young people about the doctrines of the Catholic Church. The text presents bioethical arguments against abortion in any situation, and defends the human rights of embryos and fetuses through topics such as: prenatal diagnosis, medically assisted reproduction, pre-implantation diagnosis, and embryo research (stem cells). The text also condemns euthanasia and repudiates ‘gender theory’ as false. In essence, it questions individual autonomy. The distribution of this booklet is an example of the activities of the Catholic Church in public spaces.

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This paper reviews eight highly-rated books on Moral Theology to find a common ground for an ethics education program for undergraduate students. Using James Rest’s four domains of moral functioning as its frame of reference, it examined the substantive contents and determined the extent of their alignment with identified learning outcomes for an undergraduate ethics course. Although they differed in the elements of approach and method, it is evident that in terms of their overall substantive content, the eight books adequately covered what is widely considered as the foundation stones of Catholic morality. Nonetheless, it is clear that their usefulness as “tool, tutor, and guide” for ethics education would largely have to depend on the professional competence, intended outcomes, pedagogical skills/strategies, and personal qualities of the facilitator. References Armstrong, Mary Beth, Edward Ketz & Dwigth Owsenc. Ethics Education in Accounting: Moving Towards Ethical Motivation and Ethical Behavior. Available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/S0748-5751(02)00017-9, 2002. Bebeau, Michael J., Rest, James R. & Narvaez, Darcia. Beyond the Promise: A Perspective on Research in Moral Education. Volume: 28 issue: 4, 1999:18-26 https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X028004018. Bretzke, James T. Select Bibliography on Fundamental Moral Theology, 2014. Available online at https://www2.bc.edu/...bretzke/FundamentalMoralBibliography. Callahan, Daniel. Goals in the Teaching of Ethics. In Callahan, D., Bok, S. (Eds.) Ethics Teaching in Higher Education: 61-80. Part of The Hastings Center Series in Ethics book series. Springer, Boston, MA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3138-4_2. (1980). Carino, Michael. Evangelism in a Postmodern World (Part 1) Reaching a Conversational Generation. (2000). Available online at https://bible.org/article/clash-cultures-evangelism-postmodern-world-part-i. Carol Ellam, Terry Stratton, & Denise Gibson Welcoming a New Generation to College: The Millennial Students. Journal of College Admission, n195, 2007. Cavadini, John C. Why Study God? “The Role of Theology at a Catholic University,” in Commonweal, October 2013. Available online at sites.nd.edu/oblation/.../why-study-god-the-role-of-theology-at-a-catholicuniversity/. Cessario, Romanus. O.P. Introduction to Moral Theology, Catholic University of America Press, 2001. Dorran, Robert M., S.J. “A New Project in Systematic Theology,” Theological Studies 2015, Vol. 76(2): 244-246. Gula, Richard M. Reason Informed by Faith: Foundations of Catholic Morality. New York: Paulist Press, 1989. Jimenez-David, Rina. (2016). A "teen-pregnancy crisis," Philippine Daily Inquirer, July 01 2016. Available online at inquirer.net. Klinker, JoAnn & Hackman, Donald G. “An Analysis of Principals’ Ethical Decision Making Using Rest’s Four Component Model of Moral Behavior,” Journal of School Leadership, Vol. 14 July 2004, 434-448. Kulm, Gerald, Roseman, JoEllen & Treistman. Michelle. “A Benchmarks-Based Approach to Textbook Evaluation,”2004 Available online at www.project2061.org/publications/textbook/.../approach.htm Kurtines, William M. Gewirtz, Jacob L & Lamb, Sharon (Eds.) The College Experience and Moral Development from Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development: Volume 2.2014. Lasco, Gideon. “Pagkakanya-kanya” Philippine Daily Inquirer, April 5, 2018.Available online at inquirer.net. Loewenberg Ball, D. “Bridging Practices: Intertwining Content and Pedagogy inTeaching and Learning to Teach,” (2000). Available online at journalss.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022487100051003013 Mattison, William, C., III. Introducing Moral Theology. Brazos Press, 2008. May, William E. An Introduction to Moral Theology. Second Edition. (Huntington, Indiana: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division, 1983. Myyry, Liisa, “Components of Morality: A Professional Ethics Perspective on Moral Motivation, Moral Sensitivity, Moral Reasoning and Related Constructs among University Students,” in Social Psychology Studies 9. Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki. Nucci, Larry, & Narvaez, Darcia. ((Eds.). Handbook of Moral and Character Education. New York: Routledge, 2008 O’Reilly, Kevin E. OP, “University Education Construed in the Light of Faith. A Review,” Edited by the Dominicans of the English Province. Vol. 98, No. 1076, 373-386. July 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.12046. Ozar, David .T. Learning Outcomes for Ethics across the Curriculum Programs. 2001. Available online at https://www.uvu.edu/.../Learning%20Outcomes%20for%20Ethics%20Across%20the. Pesche, Karl H., SVD. Christian Ethics: General Moral Theology in the Light of Vatican II. Manila: Divine Word Publications, 1996. Pieper, J. Z.T. & Vermeer, P. “Religious Consciousness of Dutch Youth: Consequences for Religious Education,” in Journal of Empirical Theology, 2011: 14, 2, 56. Pinckaers, Servais, O.P. The Sources of Christian Ethics. Translated by Sr. Mary Thomas Noble, O.P.Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. 3rd Edition, 1995. Prummer, Dominic M. Handbook of Moral Theology. Roman Catholic Books, 1995. Radcliffe, Timothy, O.P. What is the Point of Being a Christian? New York: Burns and Oates, 2005. Ratzinger, Joseph. Principles of Catholic Theology. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1987. Rest, James R. “A Psychologist Looks at the Teaching of Ethics, “in Moral Development and Moral Education. Hastings Center Report, 12:29-36. February 1982. https://doi.org/10.2307/3560621. Sanks, T.Howland, S.J. “A Church That Can and Cannot Change: The Dynamics of Tradition,” in Theological Studies, 2015, Vol. 76 (2): 298-299. Schweigert Francis J. “Moral Formation in Four Essential Components: Sensitivity, Judgment, Motivation, and Character. In: Business Ethics Education and the Pragmatic Pursuit of the Good. Advances in Business Ethics Research,” in A Journal of Business Ethics Book Series), Vol. 6. 2016. Springer, Cham.DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33402-8_10 Sharkey, Stephen. “A Critical Review of Some Best Selling Textbooks in Catholic Social Teaching. In The Catholic Social Science Review, Vol. IX: 2004: 317-337. Sommers, Christina H. “Are we living in a moral stone age?” in Imprimis, 1998. Available online at https://books.google.com.ph/books?isbn=0295800763 Strauss, William & Howe, Neil. Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation (New York: Vintage Original, 2000). Vermeer, Paul & Van der Ven, Johanne. “Students' Moral Consciousness," in Journal of Empirical Theology 15 (2002): 57. Villegas, Diana. The Christian Path in a Pluralistic World and the Study of Spirituality (Maryland: Lexington Books, 2012).

Abstract:

The paper is an attempt to determine the understanding of heaven of tertiary students in San Beda College campuses. It also presents a theological discourse on the concept of heaven. The usual understanding of heaven for most students which is generally uncertain, their understanding of heaven as a place which has been fixated as an extra-terrestrial location into which one goes that resulted in an unfortunate view of reality that separates them from creation and the present world and the absence of deliberate and systematic research effort done on this topic have given the researcher very strong impetus to embark on this study. The paper hopes to build a more solid foundation of Christian faith after one has fully understood heaven as an anticipation of life’s fullness. Lastly, it is the aim of this paper to jolt more theological reflections on life, and on the world-view of human existence in ever changing contextualizaton. References Barron, Robert. Catholicism: A Journey to the Heart of the Faith New York: CrownPublishing Group, 2011. Boros, Ladislaus. The Moment of Truth: Mysterium Mortis. Translated by GregoryBainbridge. London: Burns & Oates, 1965. Canell, Fanell. Power and Intimacy in the Christian Philippines, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, p. 138. Catechism of the Catholic Church.New York: Paulist Press, 1994. Episcopal Commission on Education and Religious Instruction Catholic BishopsConference of the Philippines. Maturing in Christian Faith: NationalCatechetical Directory for the Philippines. Manila: Saint Paul Publications,1983. Kelly, Anthony. Eschatology and Hope. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 2006. Kelly, Tony. The Range of Faith: Basic Questions for a Living Theology. Australia:St Paul Publications, 1986. Martelet, G, The Risen Christ and the Eucharistic World. trans. Rene Hague NewYork: Seabury Press, 1976 McDanell, Colleen and Bernhard Lang. Heaven: A History. New Haven: Yale UniversityPress, 1988. McGrath, Alister E. A Brief History of Heaven. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. McKeating, Colm. Peace at the Last: A Christian Theology of the Last Things. QuezonCity: Claretian Publications, 2009. Moltmann, Jürgen. The Coming of God: Christian Eschatology. Translated byMargaret Kohl. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2004. O’Callaghan, Paul. Christ Our Hope: An Introduction to Eschatology Washington,D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2011. Ratzinger, Joseph. Eschatology-Death and Eternal Life. Translated by MichaelWaldstein. Edited by Aidan Nichols. Washington, D.C: Catholic Universityof America Press, 1988. Russell, Jeffrey B. A History of Heaven: The Singing Silence. Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1997. Walls, Jerry L. The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology. New York: Oxford UniversityPress, Inc., 2008.

Abstract:

This paper is an exploration of the elements for developing a program of liturgical formation according to the principles and themes indicated in Pope John Paul II’s Dilecti Amici. It is in line with the celebration of the 2019 Year of the Youth, as it endeavors to get to know the youth better in view of ministering to them more effectively. Indicated in the paper is a general overview of the current situation of the youth, highlighting such features as those pertinent to their interests and capacity for liturgical participation. By learning the proper exercise of their ministry and being imbued with the true spirit of the liturgy, they will be able to bring themselves and the people whom they serve to a more devout and fruitful participation in liturgical celebrations. The paper offered an exposition of Pope John Paul II’s Apostolic Letter Dilecti Amici to bring to clearer light his vision for young people in and for the Church and cues that are pertinent and relevant for the liturgical formation of the youth today. Moreover, the paper articulates some considerations and indications for forming young people in and for the liturgy to help them grow spiritually in their formative years and thus equip them with the needed skills and values to make a positive impact on the Church and on the society both now and in their future. References Bacani, T., A Spirituality for Ministry, Manila 2006. Bauerschmidt, F.- Buckley, J., Catholic Theology: An Introduction, Oxford 2017. Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines-Episcopal Commission on Youth (CBCP-ECY) and the Catholic Educational of Association of the Philippines (CEAP), "The National Filipino Catholic Youth Study", Manila 2015. Chupungco, A., "Active Participation," in Pastoral Liturgy: Shepherding God's Flock, ed. G. Diwa, Manila 2013, 29-61. Chupungco, A., "A Definition of Liturgy," in Handbook for Liturgical Studies 1: Introduction to the Liturgy, A.J. Chupungco, Collegeville 2000, p. 3-10. Chupungco, A., "Lay Liturgical Ministries," in Liturgy for the Filipino Church, ed. J. Manabat, Manila 2004, 199-208. Clemens, J., "The Church's Commitment to the Young: From John Paul II to Pope Francis," presented at the International Meeting on World Youth Day (Rio 2013-Krakow 2016) on 10-13 April 2014 at Sassone di Ciampino, Rome, p. 1-17. in <http://www.laici.va/content/dam/laici/documenti/clemens/english/Clemens%20%20the%20Church's%20commitment%20to%20the%20young.pdf.> Episcopal Commission on Catechism and Catholic Education of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, Catechism for Filipino Catholics (CFC), Manila 1997. Episcopal Commission on Catechism and Catholic Education of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippine, Catechism of the Catholic Church, (CCC), Manila 1994. John Paul II, Address to young people: "After his first Angelus at the end of the solemn liturgy that inaugurated his pontificate, 22 October 1978", International Meeting on WYD, Rio 2013 - Krakow 2016, The Church commitment to the young: from John Paul II to Pope Francis, (12 April 2014.) John Paul II, Catechesi tradendae, on Catechesis in our Time (16 October 1979) in Vatican Council II. More Post Conciliar Documents 2, ed. A. Flannery, Pasay City 1996, 762-814. John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Christifideles laici on the Vocation and the Mission of the Lay Faithful in the Church and in the World (30 December 1988), Pasay City 2014. John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Dilecti Amici, (31 March 1984) to the Youth of the World on the Occasion of the International Youth Year. 1984. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Ecclesia de Eucharistia on the Eucharist in its Relationship to the Church (April 17, 2003). John Paul II, Apostolic Letter Vicesimus Quintus Annus on the 25th Anniversary of the Promulgation of the Conciliar Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium on the Sacred Liturgy (4 December 1988). L’Osservatore Romano (23-24 October 1978), p. 2. Mazza, E., Mystagogy, A Theology of Liturgy in the Patristic Age, New York 1989. Paul VI, "Apostolic Letter Ministeria Quaedam on the First Tonsure, Minor Orders, and Subdiaconate (15 August 1972)," in Vatican Council II. The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, Vol. 1 ed. A. Flannery, New York 1996, 427-432. Pontifical Committee on International Eucharistic Congress, "Christ in You our Hope of glory", The Eucharist: source and goal of the Church's mission, Theological and pastoral reflections in preparation for the 51st International Congress, Cebu, Philippines 2016. Pontifical Council for the Laity, A Dicastery of the Roman Curia at the Service of the Laity (21 January 2014) Feast of St. Agnes, 2., Pope Francis message for the 29th World Youth Day. Pope Francis to the young people in celebration of Apostolic Journey to Rio de Janeiro on the occasion of the 28th World Youth Day, presented during the prayer vigil with the young people on 27 July 2013 at Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro. in <http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2013/july/documents/papafrancesco_20130727_gmg-veglia-giovani.html> Raas, B., "Ministries," in Liturgy, Ministries and the Bible, Manila 1992, 77-131. Second Vatican Council, Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium on the Sacred Liturgy (4 December 1963): AAS 56 (1964) 97-138. Eng. tr.: Vatican Council II. The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents, ed. Flannery, 1-36. Second Vatican Council, “Declaration Gravissimum Educationis on Christian Education (28 October 1965),” AAS 58 (1966) 728-739. Eng. tr.: Vatican Council II, ed. Flannery, 725-737. Second Vatican Council, "Dogmatic Constitution Lumen Gentium on the Church (21 November 1964)," in Vatican Council II. The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, Vol. 1, ed. A. Flannery, New York 1996, 350-426. Second Vatican Council, "Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes on the Church in the Modern World: AAS (1965). Eng. tr.: Vatican Council II, ed. Flannery, 903-1014.